被动语态的构成(被动语态的用法归纳)
情态动词被动语态的结构是什么?
情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。 can be made of stone. 桌子可由石头制造。
被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 。
Our is .
I am asked to study hard.
are used for .
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 。
A new shop was built last year.
eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 。
This book has been into many .
Many man-made have been sent up into space by many .
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 。
A new will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 。
Young trees must be often.
Your be right now.
The door may be .
Your can be in .
英语的被动语态结构
英语的被动语态结构如下:
(1)助动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
(2)情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
被动语态( voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式
一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。将来进行无被动,shall(will)be doing。现在完成时,被动 have(has)been done。现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。
被动语态的构成
英语中及物动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。
一、被动语态的用法:
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our is .
I am asked to study hard.
are used for .
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
eggs were laid long long ago.
3.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been into many .
Many man-made have been sent up into space by many .
4.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be next year.
5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be often.
Your be right now.
The door may be .
Your can be in .
6.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is my bike now.→
My bike is being by Tom now.
They are trees over there. →
Trees are being over there by them.
7.不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are more trees to be .
二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1.先找出谓语动词;
2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例:1. Bruce a every week. →A is by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei the bike this .→The bike was by Li Lei this .
3.He has two so far.→Two have been by him so far.
4.They will plant ten trees .→Ten trees will be by them .
5.Lucy is a now.→A is being by Lucy now.
6.You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be when you leave.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1.不及物动词无被动语态。
What will in 100 years.
The about 65 years ago.
2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen well.
This new book sells well.
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make do →+ be +made to do
see do → +be +seen to do
A girl saw my drop when she by.→My was seen to drop by a girl when she by.
The boss made the boy do heavy work.→The boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He me a .→A was shown to me by him.
My me a new bike. →A new bike was for me by my .
5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He to the radio every day. →The radio is to by him every day.
The nurse is care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
被动语态的构成介绍 关于被动语态的构成简介
1、一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our is every day.
我们教室每天都被打扫。
2、一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
去年修了一座新商店。
3、一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new will be built in our city.
我们城市将要修建一家新医院。
4、现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is my bike now.→
My bike is being by Tom now.
王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。
5.、 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been into many .
这本书被翻译成多种文字。
Many man-made have been sent up into space by many .
在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。
6、过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词
The new road was being made.
这条新路正在修筑。
7、过去完成时的被动语态构成:had + been + 及物动词的过去分词
The hadn’t been the came.
在老师来之前,教室尚未打扫。
8、将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will + have done
They will have been for 20 years by then.
届时,他们结婚将满20周年。
9、含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be often.
小树需要经常浇水。
被动语态的句型结构
被动语态结构:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词;情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。
被动语态( voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。
被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
在英语中,被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,虽然大多数句子都使用主动语态,但被动语态在英语中也是极为重要的,许多课本及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。
需要注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同。注意:那些汉语中有“被……”的短语往往又不是被动语态,而是主系表结构。还有些特殊现象,如:“known to me的意思,英语却应该用被动态。
还要注意,英语的被动语态往往由“by”引出,而有用介词“by on foot”步行(美国人有时用“by foot”),“in ”(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及“so heavy to carry”而不用“so heavy to be ”等习惯用法。
有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动语态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢?首先要明确“将来进行无被动,现在完成时进行同”。这两种时态无被动形式。
另外,不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此,还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂。
下面口诀就以动词“do”为例,即“do、did”过去式“done”过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态。一定对你有所启示。 当然了,被动语态也可以概括为“be done”。也就是“be+过去分词”例如:be said。
在语法中什么是被动语态?
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种,而在英语中习惯使用被动语态,汉语中以主动语态为主。中主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者或执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。那么主动语态如何转化成被动语态呢?
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be动词+过去分词”构成:如
likes the cute girl. 大家都喜欢这个可爱的女孩。(主动语态)
The cute girl is liked by . 这个可爱的女孩受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)
二、主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词),将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语),如:
He the task. → The task was by him.
注:如果不强调动词发出者,被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略。
三、 特殊用法
主动句可以转换成两种被动句型,它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子,如:
that the old man is . 大家相信那个老人是无辜的。
→ It’s that the old man is .. 大家相信那个老人是无辜的。
→ The old man is to be . 大家相信那个老人是无辜的。
比较上面两类被动句型可以发现,一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”,另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”,通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有, think, , , , , , , say, fear, feel, know,等,如:
It’s known that she is a kind girl. =She is known to be a kind girl. 大家知道她是个善良的女孩。
It’s that he will be soon. = He is to be soon. 他应该很快就会好起来。
以上就是主动句变被动句的方法。其实,主被动在我们写作或翻译过程中还是非常重要的,英语多被动,汉语多主动,所以学会这两种语态的转变对我们今后的学习至关重要。所以,希望大家能多思考对比,反复练习运用,尽快掌握该知识点。