Linux网络扫描和嗅探工具—Nmap命令
1、简介
Nmap,也就是 ,是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。它由编写并维护。由于Nmap品质卓越,使用灵活,它已经是渗透测试人员必备的工具。
其基本功能有三个:
(1)是扫描主机端口,嗅探所提供的网络服务
(2)是探测一组主机是否在线
(3)还可以推断主机所用的操作系统,到达主机经过的路由,系统已开放端口的软件版本
2、安装
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# yum install nmap
3、Nmap命令常用格式
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# man nmap-sS: TCP SYN 扫描 (又称半开放,或隐身扫描)-P0: 允许你关闭 ICMP pings.-sV: 打开系统版本检测-O: 尝试识别远程操作系统-A: 同时打开操作系统指纹和版本检测-v: 详细输出扫描情况.
4、扫描出其对外开放的服务
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:35 CSTNmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)Host is up (0.00019s latency).Not shown: 998closed portsPORT STATE SERVICE22/tcp open ssh80/tcp open httpMAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.16 seconds# 可以看出只开放了22端口和80端口
5、nmap -p 端口 IP(域名),判断ip是否开放指定端口
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 80 172.17.120.11Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:37 CSTNmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)Host is up (0.00037s latency).PORT STATE SERVICE80/tcp open httpMAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 8080 172.17.120.11Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:38 CSTNmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)Host is up (0.00039s latency).PORT STATE SERVICE8080/tcp closed http-proxyMAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.10 seconds# 可以看出80端口开放,8080端口没有开放
6、在网络寻找所有在线主机
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.*[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sP 172.17.120.0/24
7、增加端口和网段
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -p 443,22,80 172.17.120.11-14
8、扫描地址段是排除某个IP地址
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --exclude 172.17.120.13
9、扫描多个地址时排除文件里的IP地址
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# cat ex.txt 172.17.120.11172.17.120.14[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap 172.17.120.11-14 --excludefile ex.txt
10、在某段子网上查找未占用的 IP
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -T4 -sP 172.17.120.0/24 && egrep “00:00:00:00:00:00″ /proc/net/arp
11、服务版本识别(-sV),Nmap可以在进行端口扫描的时候检测服务端软件的版本信息
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sV 172.17.120.11 -p 80Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:42 CSTNmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)Host is up (0.00041s latency).PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION80/tcp open http nginx 1.16.1MAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in17.21 seconds
12、操作系统检测(-O),Nmap还能识别目标主机的操作系统
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -O 172.17.120.11 Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2621:44 CSTNmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)Host is up (0.00037s latency).Not shown: 998closed portsPORT STATE SERVICE22/tcp open ssh80/tcp open httpMAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)No exact OS matches forhost (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).TCP/IP fingerprint:OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/26%OT=22%CT=1%CU=34467%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=02001F%TOS:M=5E7CB1E6%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%TS=U)OS:SEQ(SP=107%GCD=1%ISR=10C%TI=Z%II=I%TS=U)OPS(O1=M5B4NNSNW9%O2=M5B4NNSNW9%OS:O3=M5B4NW9%O4=M5B4NNSNW9%O5=M5B4NNSNW9%O6=M5B4NNS)WIN(W1=7210%W2=7210%W3OS:=7210%W4=7210%W5=7210%W6=7210)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4NNSNW9%CC=YOS:%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=4OS:0%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%OS:Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%OS:A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%OS:RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)Network Distance: 1hopOS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in22.89 seconds
13、找到目标主机开放了哪些 UDP端口。为提高扫描速度,我们仅扫描 53端口 (DNS)和161端口(SNMP)
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sU 172.17.120.11 -p 53,161Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-2622:01 CSTNmap scan report forelasticsearch-01.crawler-beta (172.17.120.11)Host is up (0.00044s latency).PORT STATE SERVICE53/udp closed domain161/udp closed snmpMAC Address: 02:00:1F:B5:00:6B (Unknown)Nmap done: 1IP address (1 host up) scanned in11.09 seconds
14、启用Nmap的-6选项即可扫描IPv6的目标主机
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -6fe80::a00:27ff:fe43:1518
15、在局域网上扫找 蠕虫病毒
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -PN -T4 -p139,445 -n -v –script=smb-check-vulns –script-args safe=1 172.17.120.1-254
16、扫描网络上的恶意接入点 (rogue APs)
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -A -p1-85,113,443,8080-8100 -T4 –min-hostgroup 50 –max-rtt-timeout 2000 –initial-rtt timeout 300 –max-retries 3 –host-timeout 20m –max-scan-delay 1000 -oA wapscan 172.17.120.0/24
17、使用诱饵扫描方法来扫描主机端口
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -sS 172.17.120.12 -D 172.17.120.20
18、显示网络上共有多少台 Linux 及 Win 设备
[root@redis-120-20 ~]# nmap -F -O 172.17.120.0-255 | grep “Running: ” > /tmp/os; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Linux \| wc -l) Linux device(s)”; echo “$(cat /tmp/os | grep Windows | wc -l) Window(s) device”
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