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docker客户端、容器的使用、运行web应用

2023-11-13 大全 28 作者：考证青年

学习目标： 学习二、 学习内容：

1、 客户端

2、容器使用

3、运行一个 web 应用

1、 客户端

例如我们要查看 stats 指令的具体使用方法：

2、容器使用

pull 

[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker pull ubuntu
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
6a5697faee43: Pull complete 
ba13d3bc422b: Pull complete 
a254829d9e55: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:fff16eea1a8ae92867721d90c59a75652ea66d29c05294e6e2f898704bdb8cf1
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest

run -t -i /bin/bash

-i: 交互式操作

-t: 终端

: 镜像

/bin/bash：放在镜像名后的是命令，这里我们希望有个交互式 Shell，因此用的是 /bin/bash

_容器应用部署_应用容器化

[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker run -it ubuntu
root@66cfc3d27c46:/#

ps -a ：查看所有的系统容器

start 容器ID : 启动指定容器

[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
66cfc3d27c46        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              About a minute ago   Exited (0) 14 seconds ago                          elated_dubinsky
...
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker start 66cfc3d27c46
66cfc3d27c46
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]#

run -itd --name -test ：让容器在后台运行，默认不进入容器 加了 -d

参数默认不会进入容器，想要进入容器需要使用指令 exec

[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu /bin/bash
bdd1f108bcf6f980c29fbc3e9d384462bec4658426c12e64b3bb2a917ab092ed

stop 容器ID：停止容器

容器ID：重启容器

容器ID：进入容器

exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash ：进入容器，且 exec命令，因为此退出容器终端，不会导致容器的停止

[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
bdd1f108bcf6        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                           ubuntu-test
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker stop bdd1f108bcf6
bdd1f108bcf6
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker restart bdd1f108bcf6
bdd1f108bcf6
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
bdd1f108bcf6        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         11 minutes ago      Up 3 seconds                            ubuntu-test
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker exec -it bdd1f108bcf6 /bin/bash
root@bdd1f108bcf6:/# 
root@bdd1f108bcf6:/# exit
exit
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker stop bdd1f108bcf6
bdd1f108bcf6
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

容器ID：导出容器

- test/:v1：导出容器

URL/或者其他目录：从某个目录或者URL导入容器

rm：删除容器

[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu /bin/bash
52e3d80848b914b90e6446cf5bb63b2c9b745ea97bcc1768d9bad90a443237cc
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
52e3d80848b9        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"         7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds                            ubuntu-test
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker export 52e3d80848b9 > ubuntu.tar
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# ls -l
total 73500
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 75261952 Nov  1 02:12 ubuntu.tar
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# ls -l
total 73500
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 75261952 Nov  1 02:18 ubuntu.tar
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# cat ubuntu.tar | docker import - ubuntu:v1
sha256:cf5d814f496a8ef139337cdf91fe89f4b9c7c54f3c8d727159ab9170fa897326
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker images
<none>              <none>              cf5d814f496a        8 minutes ago       72.9MB
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS               NAMES
52e3d80848b9        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              9 minutes ago       Exited (0) 15 seconds ago                            ubuntu-test
8b9ef714a162        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              12 minutes ago      Exited (0) 11 minutes ago                            brave_burnell
66cfc3d27c46        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              47 minutes ago      Exited (0) 41 minutes ago                            elated_dubinsky
2a0b740dc630        ubuntu:15.10        "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   About an hour ago   Exited (137) About an hour ago                       tender_robinson
4abd23450956        ubuntu:15.10        "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago         Exited (0) About an hour ago                         eager_lovelace
64491d4c6b48        ubuntu:15.10        "/bin/echo 'Hello wo…"   2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                               dreamy_rosalind
a74b5f79d050        ubuntu:15.10        "/bin/echo 'Hello wo…"   2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                               priceless_davinci
9d0bd5e18765        hello-world         "/hello"                 2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                               peaceful_elgamal
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker rm -f 2a0b740dc630
2a0b740dc630
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker rm -f 4abd23450956
4abd23450956
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker rm -f 64491d4c6b48
64491d4c6b48
[root@ecs-5ccd ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
52e3d80848b9        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              11 minutes ago      Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                        ubuntu-test
8b9ef714a162        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 13 minutes ago                       brave_burnell
66cfc3d27c46        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              49 minutes ago      Exited (0) 43 minutes ago                       elated_dubinsky
a74b5f79d050        ubuntu:15.10        "/bin/echo 'Hello wo…"   2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                          priceless_davinci
9d0bd5e18765        hello-world         "/hello"                 2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                          peaceful_elgamal

3、容器运行一个 web 应用

pull / ：导入镜像 run -d -P

/ app.py：将镜像运行起来

-d：让容器在后台运行

-P：把容器内部使用的网络随机映射到主机上

[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker pull training/webdpp python app.py
...
Pull an image or a repository from a registry
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
...
Digest: sha256:06e9c1983bd6d5db5fba376ccd63bfa529e8d02f23d5079b8f74a616308fb11d
Status: Downloaded newer image for training/webapp:latest
d00c4621eab1b1403366608d00c3ec685a64d9980451d3fa2ac78d5c9ab83349
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
d00c4621eab1        training/webapp     "python app.py"     About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   youthful_chatterjee

[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
f1200f7de01b        training/webapp     "python app.py"     About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   agitated_snyder

stop 容器ID ：停止web应用容器

start 容器ID ：启动web应用容器

logs -f 容器ID：查看web应用容器的日志（-f是以容器内部标准输出）

port 容器ID ：查看到容器的端口映射

top 容器名：查看web应用容器的进程

容器名：检查web应用

rm 容器名：移除web应用容器

[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
f1200f7de01b        training/webapp     "python app.py"     20 seconds ago      Up 19 seconds       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp    agitated_snyder
d00c4621eab1        training/webapp     "python app.py"     10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes       0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   youthful_chatterjee
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker stop d00c4621eab1
d00c4621eab1
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
f1200f7de01b        training/webapp     "python app.py"     About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   agitated_snyder
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker start youthful_chatterjee 
youthful_chatterjee
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
f1200f7de01b        training/webapp     "python app.py"     12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp    agitated_snyder
d00c4621eab1        training/webapp     "python app.py"     22 minutes ago      Up 14 seconds       0.0.0.0:32769->5000/tcp   youthful_chatterjee
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker logs -f d00c4621eab1
* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker port youthful_chatterjee
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32769
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker top youthful_chatterjee
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                13178               13162               0                   15:49               ?                   00:00:00            python app.py
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker inspect youthful_chatterjee
[{"Id": "d00c4621eab1b1403366608d00c3ec685a64d9980451d3fa2ac78d5c9ab83349","Created": "2020-11-01T07:26:41.635886549Z","Path": "python","Args": ["app.py"],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,
...
...
...
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker stop youthful_chatterjee
youthful_chatterjee
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
f1200f7de01b        training/webapp     "python app.py"     16 minutes ago      Up 16 minutes       0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   agitated_snyder
[root@ecs-24bf ~]# docker rm youthful_chatterjee
youthful_chatterjee

tags: 容器 应用 镜像 进入 交互
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